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About Clinical Congress 1966

The 52nd Annual Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons took place October 10鈥�14, 1966, in San Francisco, CA. Below we have curated photos from the Clinical Congress and Convocation, as well as the 1966 Convocation booklet. Make sure to take a look at our memories from 1966.

1966 Convocation Booklet

Hover over the booklet and click on the arrows to flip through the Convocation booklet for the 1966 Fellowship class of the American College of Surgeons. Flip through the booklet to find your name and those of your fellow Initiates.

Photos from Clinical Congress 1966

What Was Happening in 1966?

U.S. Cost of Living

• Yearly inflation rate: 3.01%
• Dow Jones year-end close: 785
• Average cost of a new home: $14,200
• Average income per year: $6,900
• Average cost of a new car: $2,650
• Gas per gallon: 32 cents
• 1LB of bacon: 79 cents
• A dozen of eggs: 55 cents
• Minimum wage: $4.25 per hour

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U.S. News

• U.S. population exceeds 195 million
• First U.S. bombing of Hanoi
• Anti-Vietnam war demonstrations throughout the world
• U.S. performs nuclear tests at Nevada test site
• U.S. and U.S.S.R. sign treaty to prohibit nuclear weapons in outer space
• National Organization for Women (NOW) is founded in Washington D.C.
• Race riots erupt in the Watts section of Los Angeles
• Formation of the Black Panthers
• 2,400 people attend White House conference on Civil Rights
• Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Freedom of Information and National Traffic and Motor Vehicles Safety Acts
• NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 1, the first U.S. spacecraft to orbit the Moon
• Ronald Reagan enters politics, becoming the governor of California
• Supreme Court rules in Miranda vs. Arizona that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination (be read their 鈥淢iranda rights鈥�)
• 12-day transit worker strike shuts down NYC subway
• Richard Speck murders eight nurses in Chicago
• A sniper atop the tower at the University of Texas kills 12 and wounds 31
• Creation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
• The Salvation Army celebrates 100 years
• Uniform daylight saving time is the first observed in most parts of North America
• Pampers create the first disposable Diaper
• Kevlar invented

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World News

• Leonid Brezhnev becomes General Secretary of the Soviet Union, as well as Leader of the Communist Party of the U.S.S.R.
• France withdraws its force from NATO; President De Gaulle visits the U.S.S.R.
• Chairman Mao launches China鈥檚 Cultural Revolution and begins purging intellectuals
• Indira Gandhi is elected Prime Minister of India
• Four people dig under the Berlin Wall to gain freedom from East Germany
• Botswana, Lesotho, and Guyana become independent states within the British Commonwealth
• Canada introduces an earnings-related social insurance program, the Canada Pension Plan (CPP)
• Fidel Castro declares martial law in Cuba because of a possible U.S. attack
• India suffers the worst famine in 20 years; Lyndon Johnson asks for $1 billion in aid to the country
• Earthquakes in Varto, Turkey, and Tashkent, Russia claim hundreds of lives
• Flood in Italy take several lives, ruin irreplaceable works of art, and result in millions of dollars worth of property damage
• Aberfan, South Wales coal slag avalanche decimates schoolhouse, killing 137 children and adults
• 200,000 face starvation on the island of Lombak, Indonesia
• Fibre Optics invented in Englan

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Health Care

• First operation for implanting an artificial heart
• Medicare goes into effect
• All cigarette packets in the United States are required to carry the heath warning 鈥淐aution! Cigarette smoking may be hazardous to your health.鈥�
• AMA publishes the first edition of the 鈥淐urrent Procedural Terminology鈥�(CPT), a system of standardized terms for medical procedures used to facilitate documentation
• AMA encourages physicians to promote exercise as a means to better health
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is divided equally between Peyton Rous 鈥渇or his discovery of tumor-inducing viruses鈥� and Charles Brenton Huggins 鈥渇or his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer鈥�
• Henry Knowles Beecher publishes 鈥淓thics and Clinical Research鈥� in the New England Journal of Medicine, which focused on unethical medical experimentation which was instrumental in the implementation of federal rules on human experimentation and informed consent
• Child Nutrition Act (CNA) signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson
• MIT biochemist Har Khorana finishes deciphering the DNA code
• The Food and Drug Administration declares 鈥渢he Pill鈥� safe for human use
• Gynecologist John McLean Morris and biologist Gertrude Van Wagenen at the Yale School of Medicine report the successful use of oral high-dose estrogen pills for post-coital contraception in women and rhesus macaque monkeys respectively
• Victor A. McKusick publishes the first edition of his catalog of all known genes and genetic disorders, Mendelian Inheritance in Man
• Andreas Rett first describes Rett syndrome

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Entertainment and Pop Culture

• Time magazine cover story asks 鈥淚s God Dead?鈥�
• Truman Capote publishes In Cold Blood
• Mini skirts and bell-bottoms become the fashion
• Beatles release Revolver; 鈥淩ubber Soul鈥� album goes #1 and stays #1 for 6 weeks
• Rolling Stones release the 鈥淧aint It Black鈥� album and perform on the Ed Sullivan Show
• Simon & Garfunkel released the 鈥淪ounds of Silence鈥� album
• The Supremes released 鈥淵ou Can鈥檛 Hurry Love鈥�
• Young singer David Jones changes his last name to Bowie to avoid being confused with Davy Jones of the Monkees
• 鈥漈he Sound of Music鈥� wins Best Picture at the Academy Awards
• Color Television sets become popular
• 鈥漇tar Trek鈥� and 鈥淭he Monkees鈥� premiere on NBC
• 鈥滲atman鈥� television series starring Adam West debuts on ABC
• Dr. Seuss鈥� 鈥淗ow the Grinch Stole Christmas鈥� airs for the first time on CBS
• CBS backs out of plans to broadcast 鈥淧sycho鈥�, deeming the movie too violent for at-home viewing
• The Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center) opens in New York City
• Jerry Lewis鈥� 1st Muscular Dystrophy Labor Day telethon raises $1 million
• Death of Walk Disney and Buster Keaton

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Sports

• Baltimore Orioles win the World Series and after his greatest season Los Angeles Dodger鈥檚 ace Sandy Koufax retires
• Green Bay Packers edge out Dallas Cowboys for the NFL championship
• Bill Russell leads the Celtics to its eighth consecutive NBA championship
• Jack Nicklaus establishes himself as the world鈥檚 greatest golfer by winning the Masters and the British Open
• Jim Brown of the Cleveland Browns retires from football with 12,312 yards of rushing
• Houston Astrodome is built with the dome measuring 710 ft in diameter
• Two years after winning the heavyweight title Muhammad Ali refuses to be conscripted into the U.S. military
• Billie Jean King wins second Wimbledon titles
• U.S. Supreme Court votes 4-3 allowing Braves to move

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